Art Provenance Texts as Data: Restitution Histories in Auction Catalogs

Adolph Menzel, restituted to the heirs of Walter Westfeld

When Nazi-looted artworks are restituted, families are often obliged to sell at least some of the artworks. For this they turn to auction houses. As a result, the provenances published by auction houses may provide valuable insights into the art market networks that handled the looted art until the time of restitution. 

Below is a selection of several provenances published online by Sotheby's. Some of the provenance texts indicate that artworks put up for auction had previously been restituted to the families of persecuted collectors. 

For the artworks that have been restituted, the provenances - before the restitution - offer clues to how the resale market for Nazi-looted art worked. Through which hands did the artworks pass? Do any names recur? 

Art Market and the Holocaust: New Questions about the Miedl Looted Art Network

Alois Miedl: art looter 

Miedl's network according to the Art Looting Investigation Unit Final Report of 1946 Red Flag Names List includes a number of names that appear frequently in provenances. Every one of the names below was identified as a Red Flag Name by the ALIU.

Questions for Holocaust-era art historians: Which artworks in which collections include any of these names in their provenance?

Are there gaps in the ownership history 1933-1945?

What is the appropriate action to resolve these unclear provenances?

Hendricks	Frankfurt	Dealer who did business with Miedl
Lempertz	Cologne	Art dealer who worked with Miedl	Bornheim once worked under him
Leegenhoek, M O	Paris, 1 rue de Rennes/230 blvd Raspail	Belgian national	Prominent restorer and subsequent dealer who sold extensively to Hofer, Lohse, Wendland, Wuester, Dietrich, Haberstock, Miedl, Goepel and the great majority of important German purchasers	Formerly associated with Lagrand, and connected with van der Veken and Renders in Belgium	Believed still to be in Paris	Possibly active in Wendland’s behalf
de Boer, Pitt	Amsterdam, Heerengracht 512	Important and active dealer	President of the Dutch Dealers Association since Goudstikker’s death	Acquired Swiss as well as Dutch nationality early in the war, and visited Switzerland during the occupation	Discovered the first in the series of false Vermeers by van Meegeren	Close contact of Hofer, Muehlmann, Posse, Voss, Lohse and Miedl
Brack	Amsterdam	Dealer	Worked with Hoogendijk and Miedl
Denijs, Frl J	Amsterdam, N Spiegelstraat 32 or 29/Kaisersgracht	Member of Dutch Art Dealers syndicate (Vereeniging van Handelaron in Oudo Kunst)	Active during occupation	In contact with Hofer	Assisted Miedl in liquidation of Goudstikker firm	Worked with Jan Dik Jr
Erasmus, Dr	Hilversum Geldern bei Haarlem	German middleman/dealer, formerly in Berlin	Escaped to Holland shortly before the war	In contact with Plietzsch, Miedl, Katz, Modrczewski
Goudstikker, J (deceased)	Amsterdam, Heerengracht 458	The most prominent of the Dutch art dealers before the war	Killed while escaping from Holland by ship at the time of the German advance	His family escaped to America	His business was taken over by Alois Miedl
Hoogendijk	Amsterdam, Kaizersgracht 640/Roemorvischerstraat 34	Prominent dealer who sold to Miedl, Hofer, Posse, Muehlmann and Voss during the occupation	Close friend of Friedlander and Schneider	Contact of Nathan Katz	Goering frequently visited his shop
Katz, Nathan	The Hague, Lange Voorhuit 35 Dieren, bei Arnhem	Prominent dealer	Worked principally with Hofer, Posse and Miedl, as well as Lange, Haberstock, Boehler and other German buyers	Two brothers in the Western Hemisphere: Benjamin Katz, Hotel Dauphin, New York and Abraham Katz, 18 Pietermaai, Wilhelmstad, Curacao
Paech, Walter	Amsterdam, Rokin 57/Diepenbroekstraat 9	German dealer-artist, resident for many years in Holland	Not accepted for membership in Dutch syndicate of art dealers before the war	Close contact of Wieth, Jan Dik Jr, Hofer, Miedl, Muehlmann and Schilling	Also believed to have sold to Posse
de Wild	The Hague, Laan van Meerdeveert	Dealer-restorer	Son of a well known restorer	Worked for the Dienststelle Muehlmann	Did business with Miedl	Has a brother in the United States

Dataset : Museum of Fine Arts Boston Enhanced Provenance Research Dataset NEPIP PUBLIC

Dataset name: Museum of Fine Arts Boston Enhanced Provenance Research Dataset NEPIP PUBLIC

Description: This enhanced Provenance dataset has been constructed from  information available on the public internet site of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The dataset merges the list of artworks on the Nazi Era Provenance Internet Portal with provenance texts published on the Boston MFA detailed item pages. 

This dataset is intended to facilitate research into Holocaust-era provenance for scholars, art historians and families. 

The original and best source of information concerning provenance remains the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston public website.


Original data sources that were merged to create new dataset:

•  NEPIP Boston Museum of Fine Arts (MFA)

•  Boston Museum of Fine Arts website Provenance texts of artworks 

Format: Google Sheet



URL: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vSFfpdQ1Y6sWQuTAdHejqghDwPvlu4W2cevOxjkLUQYdTOZXdxRM4OH5U_rkAvLUEh38VbFdntHeHoR/pubhtml



Download: CSV


Contents:



1. NEPIP MFA



2. About this file



3. NEPIP Artists


4. NEPIP Credit Line


5. NEPIP Provenance includes "private", "anonymous", "art market"


Publisher: OAD



Date of Publication: April 6, 2020



License: CC0

Example of content: Provenance text contains word "private", "anonymous", or "art market" 

DATASET Provenance Research of Artworks: Harvard Art Museums

Dataset name: Enhanced Harvard Art Museums Provenance Research Dataset 

Description: This enhanced Provenance dataset has been constructed from  information available on the public internet site of the Harvard Art Museums. The dataset merges the list of artworks on the Nazi Era Provenance Internet Portal with provenance texts published on the Harvard Art Museums detailed item pages. The Harvard Art Museums website and NEPIP pages include artworks from the Fogg Museum, the Busch-Reisinger Museum and the Sackler museum. 

This dataset is intended to facilitate research into Holocaust-era provenance for scholars, art historians and families. 

The original and best source of information concerning provenance remains the Harvard Art Museum's public website.


Original data sources that were merged to create new dataset:

• Harvard Art Museums NEPIP 
• Provenance texts for NEPIP artworks published on the Harvard Art Museums website
• Provenance texts for selected dealers published on the Harvard Art Museums website

Format: Google Sheet

URL:https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vT3L6P5mWffXT1B1h3KZFkB9bDf3yJ-1LO5ueGohCeqD75UZbOzCpDY1qBDMPzf-_4um3P3w8o1DZiQ/pubhtml

Download: CSV


Contents:
1. NEPIP and Selected Dealers
2. Private anonymous art market property of unknown
3. NEPIP Accession Numbers
4 About this file

Publisher: OAD

Date of Publication: March 3, 2020

Example of content: Provenance text contains word "private", "unknown", "anonymous", "art market" or "property of" 

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vT3L6P5mWffXT1B1h3KZFkB9bDf3yJ-1LO5ueGohCeqD75UZbOzCpDY1qBDMPzf-_4um3P3w8o1DZiQ/pubhtml?gid=1868621269&single=true 

RKD provenances that mention museums, collections or art dealers in California

Bust of Christ 1964.172 Fogg Museum, https://rkd.nl/explore/images/232193 *

The RKD database publishes provenances for many artworks by Dutch artists and has excellent search functionalities. 

What kind of information can be found about artworks that passed through California at one time or another in their history?

Below is a partial list:

RKD Provenances that mention the Dallas Museum of Art

It is difficult to find the provenance of European artwork on the website of the Dallas Museum of Art (DMA). However by searching the excellent RKD site, one can find the ownership history of at least a few artworks connected in some way to the city of Dallas. 

One notes the frequent mention (in 24 artworks) of the art dealer Sidney Janis.

These provenances are presented below in an easy-to-download CSV file for art historians.  

Provenances of some artworks in the Dallas Museum of Art collection published on RKD

File format: CSV

Download CSV 

Google Sheet: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTCn6yk6PDqgWFxN7HWJ77n8pP5PTPd1NatmaD1c2LQGVcZ5oDgD5gOoMy-BIO50a-SRnTFqvYQOIvu/pubhtml?gid=1529212008&single=true

Private collections: Albertina Museum, Vienna

A selection of Provenance texts that contain the word "privat" in the online database of paintings and sculptures at the Albertina Museum in Vienna:

Artist	Title	Date	Inventory number	Provenance
Alexej von Jawlensky (Torschok (Gouv. Twer) 1864 - 1941 Wiesbaden)	Mädchen mit Blumenhut	1910	GE52DL	Helene von Jawlensky, Wiesbaden; M. Olchansky, Montreux; Ferdinand Näscher, Zürich; Privatbesitz, New York; Leonard Hutton Galleries, New York (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Amedeo Modigliani (Livorno 1884 - 1920 Paris)	Weiblicher Halbakt	1918	GE85DL	Leopold Zborowski, Paris; Galerie Bing & Cie, Paris; Sammlung Sabonrand; Sammlung René Gaffe, Brüssel; Paul Rosenberg & Co., New York; George Friedland, Merion Station/PA; Privatbesitz Schweiz; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Anton Faistauer (St. Martin (Salzburg) 1887 - 1930 Wien)	Blumenstillleben	1918	GE243DL	Privatbesitz Wien; 61. Kunstauktion im Kinsky, Wien, 21. November 2006, Lot 85 (laut Koella, 2012)
Augusto Giacometti (Stampa (Bergell) 1877 - 1947 Zürich)	Im Garten: Friede	1915	GE45DL	A. L. Vischer-von-Bonstetten, Basel; Galerie Beyeler, Basel; Arthur Stoll, Arlesheim/Corseau; Privatbesitz Schweiz; Auktion Galerie Kornfeld, Bern, 17. Juni 2005, Lot 42 (laut Koella, 2012)
Claude Monet (Paris 1840 - 1926 Giverny)	Der Seerosenteich	um 1917 - 19	GE87DL	Michel Monet, Giverny; Privatbesitz Griechenland; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Claude Monet (Paris 1840 - 1926 Giverny)	Das Haus in den Rosen	1925	GE88DL	Michel Monet, Giverny; Mme Berr de Turique, Paris; Galerie Beyeler, Basel; H.E. Smeets, Weert (Holland); Sammlung J.E. Smeets, Weert (Holland); Galerie Beyeler, Basel; Privatbesitz New York; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Cuno Amiet (Solothurn 1868 - 1961 Oschwand)	Der Hausbau	1908	GE11DL	Privatbesitz Schweiz; Salis & Vertes, Salzburg (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Edvard Munch (Løten bei Hamar (Norwegen) 1863 - 1944 Ekely)	Winterlandschaft	1915	GE89DL	Privatbesitz Norwegen; Privatbesitz Liechtenstein; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Emil Nolde (Nolde (Schleswig) 1867 - 1956 Seebüll)	Wald	1909	GE91DL	Dr. Richard Hessberg, Essen; Privatbesitz Bolivien; Georg Schäfer, Schweinfurt; Privatbesitz Zürich; Galerie Neher, Essen; Galerie Haas, Vaduz (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Erich Heckel (Döbeln 1883 - 1970 Radolfzell)	Liegende	1909	GE374DL	Besitz des Künstlers (bis 1964); Privatsammlung Düsseldorf; Sammlung Henriette Dell-Werner, Wien (laut Koella, 2012)
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (Aschaffenburg 1880 - 1938 Frauenkirch bei Davos)	Bahnhofseinfahrt: Bahnhof Löbau	1911-1912	GE406DL	Galerie Neue Kunst Hans Goltz, München; Dr. Karl Lilienfeld, Berlin und New York; 1932; Stuttgarter Kunstkabinett, Stuttgart 1957; Graf Rüdiger von der Goltz, Düsseldorf 1958; Privatsammlung, Deutschland 1976; Dresdner Bank, Frankfurt 1976; Privatbesitz 1986; Sotheby's Genf
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (Aschaffenburg 1880 - 1938 Frauenkirch bei Davos)	Nackter Jüngling und Mädchen am Strand	1913	GE57DLv	Nachlass des Künstlers; Privatbesitz Düsseldorf; Dr. Donn D. Beeman, Hollywood; Galerie Art Focus, Zürich (laut Koella/Billeter 2005) Catalogue
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (Aschaffenburg 1880 - 1938 Frauenkirch bei Davos)	Zwei Akte im Raum	1914	GE57DLr	Nachlass des Künstlers; Privatbesitz Düsseldorf; Dr. Donn D. Beeman, Hollywood; Galerie Art Focus, Zürich Catalogue
Fernand Léger (Argentan 1881 - 1955 Gif-sur-Yvette)	Zwei Profile	1928	GE74DL	Galerie Simon, Paris; Galerie Louise Leiris, Paris; Curt Valentin Gallery, New York; Raoul Lévy, Paris; Edmond de Rothschild, Paris; Privatbesitz Genf; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Georges Rouault (Paris 1871 - 1958 Paris)	Pierrot	1939	GE111DL	Galerie Vollard, Paris; Sam Selz, Inc., New York; Edwin E. Hokin, Chicago; The Art Institute, Chicago; Hussein Pacha, Villefranche; Privatbesitz, Paris (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Henri Lebasque (Champigné (Maine-et-Loire) 1865 - 1937 Le Cannet)	Mädchen in einer Mittelmeerlandschaft	um 1907 - 10	GE72DL	Kunsthandel, Paris; Privatbesitz Lyon; Galerie Rämi, Zürich (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Henri Lebasque (Champigné (Maine-et-Loire) 1865 - 1937 Le Cannet)	Auf der grünen Bank, Sanary	1911	GE73DL	Marthe Lebasque (Tochter des Künstlers); Privatbesitz Frankreich; Richard Green, London; Privatbesitz; Auktion Sotheby’s New York, 4. Mai 2006, Lot 180 (laut Koella, 2012)
Henri Matisse (Le Cateau Cambrésis 1869 - 1954 Cimiez bei Nizza)	Das gestreifte Kleid	1938	GE82DL	Paul Rosenberg, London; Galerie Rosengart, Luzern; Riccardo Jucker, Mailand; Privatbesitz, New York; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Joan Miró (Barcelona 1893 - 1983 Palma de Mallorca)	Vögel und Insekten	1938	GE83DL	Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York; James Butler, New York; Henry Clifford, Radnor/PA; Galerie Rosengart, Luzern; Privatbesitz Italien; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Johannes Itten (Süderen-Linden 1888 - 1967 Zürich)	Lichtkreis	1915	GE50DL	Nachlass des Künstlers; Privatbesitz Zürich; Galerie am Lindenplatz, Vaduz (laut Koella/Billeter 2005) Catalogue
Kazimir Malewitsch (Kiew 1878 - 1935 Leningrad)	Birkenhain	um 1905 - 06	GE79DL	Nachlass des Künstlers; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Kazimir Malewitsch (Kiew 1878 - 1935 Leningrad)	Mann in suprematistischer Landschaft	um 1930 - 31	GE80DL	Nikolai Chardhziew, Moskau; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
László Moholy-Nagy (Bácsborsód (Ungarn) 1895 - 1946 Chicago)	Ungarische Felder	um 1919/1920	GE152DL	Privatbesitz; Sammlung Forberg Bibliography
Lyonel Feininger (New York 1871 - 1956 New York)	Die Lokomotive mit dem großen Rad	1910	GE37DL	Nachlass des Künstlers; Privatbesitz New York; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Lyonel Feininger (New York 1871 - 1956 New York)	Promenade in Arcueil	1915	GE38DL	Nachlass des Künstlers; Marlborough Fine Art Ltd., London; Saul P. Steinberg, New York; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Marianne von Werefkin (Tula (Russland) 1860 - 1938 Ascona)	Sturmwind	um 1915 - 16	GE132DL	D. Hagmann, Küsnacht; Privatbesitz Deutschland; Galerie Art Focus, Zürich (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Maurice de Vlaminck (Paris 1876 - 1958 Rueil-la-Gadelière)	Die Seine bei Chatou	um 1906/07	GE130DL	Galerie de Seine, Paris; Leopold Starkmann de Féltorony, Vallauris; Sammlung Mme Bonaglia, Paris; Peter Matthews, London; Galerie Beyeler, Basel; Privatbesitz Monte Carlo; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Max Beckmann (Leipzig 1884 - 1950 New York)	Frau mit Katze	1942	GE14DL	V. Schnitzler, Murnau; Privatbesitz New York; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Max Pechstein (Zwickau 1881 - 1955 Berlin)	Meererzählung	1920	GE143DL	Privatsammlung Deutschland (?); Stuttgarter Kunstkabinett; Galerie Motte; Genf; Sammlung Forberg Bibliography
Max Pechstein (Zwickau 1881 - 1955 Berlin)	Iris im Abendschatten	1925	GE95DL	Regierungsrat Dr. Teutsch; Privatbesitz Schweiz; Auktion Galerie Koller, Zürich, 4. Juni 2002, Lot 28 (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Max Peiffer Watenphul (Weferlingen bei Helmstadt 1896 - 1976 Rom)	Stillleben mit rotem Mohn	1929	GE270DL	Privatbesitz Österreich; Galerie Welz, Salzburg (laut Koella, 2012)
Michail Larionow (Tiraspol (Moldawien) 1881 - 1964 Fontenay-aux-Roses bei Paris)	Durch das Maschennetz, Badende	1904	GE312DL	Sammlung E. Rubin, UDSSR; Privatbesitz Paris; Galerie Gmurzynska, Zürich (laut Koella, 2012)
Natalia Gontscharowa (Nagaewo, bei Tula (Russland) 1881 - 1962 Paris)	Die blaue Kuh Series / Cycle Teil des neunteiligen Polyptichons "Weinlese" 1911	um 1911	GE46DL	Galerie Paul Guillaume, Paris; Sidney Simon, Paris (Geschenk der Künstlerin 1958); Leonard Hutton Galleries, New York; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Nikolai Suetin (Kaluga 1897 - 1954 Leningrad)	Frau mit Kreuz	1928	GE122DL	Nachlass des Künstlers; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005) Catalogue
Oskar Kokoschka (Pöchlarn 1886 - 1980 Villeneuve)	Ansicht von Vernet-les-Bains	1925	GE61DL	Galerie Paul Cassirer, Berlin; Galerie M. Goldschmidt, Frankfurt a.M.; Galerie Georg Caspari, München; Galerie Paul Cassirer, Berlin; Amsterdamsche Kunsthandel P. Cassirer, Amsterdam; Elmer Rice, New York; Marlborough Gallery, New York; Privatbesitz Schweiz; Privatbesitz Süddeutschland; Galerie Thomas, München (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Oskar Kokoschka (Pöchlarn 1886 - 1980 Villeneuve)	Im Garten II	1934	GE64DL	laut WV Kokoschka: Josef Zadra, Krivinná bei Mährisch-Ostrau; [Dr. Vondraček, Mährisch-Ostrau]; Privatbesitz, Mährisch-Ostrau; Christie's, London (15.10.1995, Nr.162 mit Farbabb.); Kunsthandel Martin Suppan, Wien (2004); Herbert Batliner, Vaduz
Pablo Picasso (Málaga 1881 - 1973 Mougins)	Die Spielkarten	1912	GE98DL	Galerie Kahnweiler, Paris; Privatbesitz Berlin; Richard Doetsch-Benziger, Basel; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Paul Klee (Münchenbuchsee 1879 - 1940 Muralto)	Ähnlich wie 49 (Revier eines Katers)	1919, 50	GE151DL	Lily Klee, Bern; Klee-Gesellschaft, Bern; Galerie Rosengart, Luzern; Galerie Jeanne-Bucher, Paris; Tom A. Noonan, Wiesbaden/Washington; Burg Lauenstein, Bayern; Mrs. Norman, Washington; Marisa del Re Gallery, New York; Privatbesitz; Sammlung Forberg
Paul Klee (Münchenbuchsee 1879 - 1940 Muralto)	Das Märchen von den beiden Fischen	1937, 187 (T 7)	GE137DL	Privatbesitz Bern; Galerie Rosengart, Luzern; Sammlung Forberg
Paul Signac (Paris 1863 - 1935 Paris)	Venedig, die rosa Wolke (Ankerplatz bei der Giudecca)	1909	GE117DL	Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris; August Deusser, Düsseldorf; Privatbesitz Tokyo; Auktion Sotheby’s New York, 13. Mai 1998, Lot 19 (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Paul Signac (Paris 1863 - 1935 Paris)	Antibes, die Türme	1911	GE118DL	Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris; Pierre Baudin, Paris; Sammlung Guetta, Paris; Sammlung Baudoin, Paris; Privatbesitz Genf; Galerie Marcel Bernheim, Paris; Privatbesitz Kanada; Auktion Christie’s New York, 3. Nov. 2004, Lot 34 (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Paul Signac (Paris 1863 - 1935 Paris)	Antibes, Gewitter	1919	GE119DL	Léon Marseille, Paris; Willy Dubois, Bruxelles; Bernheim-Jeune, Paris; Gaston Lévy, Paris; Privatbesitz; Auktion Sotheby’s London, 9. Feb. 2005, Lot 447 (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Pawel Filonow (Moskau 1883 - 1941 Leningrad)	Oktoberformel	um 1921	GE39DL	Ewdokia Nikolajewna Glebowa, Leningrad; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Pawel Filonow (Moskau 1883 - 1941 Leningrad)	Ohne Titel (Kopf)	um 1925 - 30	GE40DL	Ewdokia Nikolajewna Glebowa, Leningrad; Privatbesitz; Galerie Gmurzynska, Köln (laut Koella/Billeter 2005) Catalogue
Pierre Bonnard (Fontenay-aux-Roses 1867 - 1947 Le Cannet)	Grauer Akt im Profil	um 1933	GE16DL	Privatbesitz Paris; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Raoul Dufy (Le Havre 1877 - 1953 Forcalquier)	Das Guéridon, Rue Séguier	1909	GE396DL	Sammlung Josefowitz, Pully/Schweiz; Sammlung Gallibert, Paris; Privatbesitz Amsterdam; Galerie Gmurzynska, Zürich (laut Koella, 2012)
Raoul Dufy (Le Havre 1877 - 1953 Forcalquier)	Meeresstillleben	1925	GE204DL	Privatbesitz Paris; Galerie Beyeler, Basel (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Théo van Rysselberghe (Gent 1862 - 1926 Saint-Clair)	Sitzender Akt	1905	GE127DL	Henri-Edmond Cross, Saint-Clair (Var); Privatbesitz Belgien; Galerie Salis, Salzburg (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Wassily Kandinsky (Moskau 1866 - 1944 Neuilly-sur-Seine)	Große Fontäne im Nymphenburger Park	1901 - 03	GE54DL	Marianne von Werefkin, Ascona; Alexander von Werefkin, Zürich; Privatbesitz Süddeutschland; Galerie Gunzenhauser, München; Neumeister Kunstauktionshaus, München (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Wassily Kandinsky (Moskau 1866 - 1944 Neuilly-sur-Seine)	Innerer Bund	1929	GE55DL	Sammlung Möller, Basel; Robert Brest, Buenos Aires; Acquavella Galleries, New York; Privatbesitz; Thomas Ammann Fine Art, Zürich (laut Koella/Billeter 2005)
Wilhelm Kohlhoff (Berlin 1893 - 1971 Schweinfurt)	Blumenstillleben	um 1920	GE294DL	Privatbesitz Zürich (laut Koella, 2012) Catalogue

Questions for university students majoring in art history or taking a course in provenance research, in particular of the Nazi period 1933-1945

1) Which names appear frequently in provenances that also contain the word "privat"?
2) What do you know about these names? 

• Are any of the names Jewish collectors who were persecuted by Nazis from 1933-1945? 
• Are any of the names individuals who were flagged for involvement in the Nazi era art trade  by the Art Looting Investigation Unit in their 1945-6 Red Flag List of Names?
• Have any of the names appeared in lawsuits or claims for restitution in any capacity? (claimants, defendants, individuals involved in the ownership history?) If so, which?
• Are there any patterns that you can detect in studying these provenances grouped together?
• Of the 51 artworks presented in this list, which FIVE should be the top priority for further provenance research? Why? Which FIVE should be the lowest priority for further provenance research? Why?
• The above list represents a very small selection of artworks from the Albertina museum, paintings created before 1945 which entered the museum's collection after 1933 and which contain the word "privat" in the provenance text. What other kinds of selections do you think are important to make in order to identify priorities for further provenance research? Why?