Networks of Yves Perdoux

What is known about Yves Perdoux? Quite a lot actually. 

The OSS Art Looting Investigation Unit mentioned the name "Perdoux" seven times in its 1946 Red Flag List. The investigators refered to the "Wendland, Lohse, Perdoux art dealing syndicate" and the "informal dealers’ syndicate composed of Wendland, Perdoux, Boitel, Dequoy"...
Hector Feliciano mentioned him in The Lost Museum in 1995.
More recently,  Kenneth D. Alford's Hermann Goring and the Nazi Art Collection: The Looting of Europe's Art Treasures and Their Dispersal After World War II  (ISBN-13: 978-0786468157) refers to Perdoux quite a few times as well. (It's easy to find all the mentions with the searchable Kindle version).

Perdoux in a provenance is a signal that more research is needed.

His name is linked to Hermann Goering, Hans Wendland, Walter Andreas Hofer, Zacharie Birtschansky and Victor Mandl and more, as one can see below in these excerpts.

paintings at France MNR with Yves Perdoux in the provenance

Perdoux in the 1946 OSS Art Looting Investigation Unit Red Flag Names list:

• Perdoux, Yves. Paris, 178 rue du Fbg St Honore/6 rue de Teheran/6 blvd Flandrin. Operated the Galerie Guynot. One of the most active collaborationist dealers. Close associate of Wendland, Boitel and Loebl. Ardent Nazi, constantly in touch with Dietrich and other German buyers. Interrogated in 1945 by the Police Judiciaire. Reported ill and near death in January 1946.

• Boitel, Achilles (deceased). Paris, 6 rue de Teheran/11 bis rue Ampere. Wealthy French industrialist and speculator, who acted as Wendland’s French agent after the Swiss made it impossible for him to leave that country. Chief financial figure in the Wendland, Lohse, Perdoux art dealing syndicate. Worked with Lohse and Hofer, and was a good friend of von Behr. Connected with Hofer in exchanges of Swiss and French francs. Open collaborator who was often in Germany before the war and spoke fluent German. Assassinated by the French Resistance.

• Thierry. Villefranche sur Mer, Villa ‘Le Miradou ‘, ave Gauvin Paris, 75 rue d’Auteuil. Collaborationist dealer, active in Paris and Nice. Worked with Brueschwiller, Ward Holzapfel and Mme Soyer, his mistress. Sold to Rochlitz, Perdoux, Aguilar, Moebius, and others.

• Garin, Ernest. Paris, 9 rue de l’Echelle. Formal proprietor of the Galerie E Garin, aryanised in this name by Ali Loebl. The Garin firm actually succeeded Kleinberger’s and under Loebl becamse centre of the informal dealers’ syndicate composed of Wendland, Perdoux, Boitel, Dequoy, etc. Garin personally played a relatively minor part in the business of the firm during the occupation. Indicted by French Government (Seine Tribunal, Judge Frapier).

• Guynot, Henri. Neuilly Paris, 178 rue du Fbg St Honore. Gallery directed by Perdoux. Dealt with Hofer and Lohse. Sold to Haberstock; documentary evidence in Unit files.

• Loebl, Ali (Allen). Paris, rue des Pyramides/9 rue de l’Echelle/34 quai de Passy. Dealer, of Austro-Hungarian Jewish descent. Director and leading spirit of the firm Kleinberger & Co, ‘aryanised ‘ under the name of E Garin during the war. Centre of the informal art dealing syndicate comprising Wendland, Perdoux, Mandl, Boitel, Dequoy, Engel. Sold chiefly to Lohse, Hofer and Haberstock, for whom he travelled as agent in unoccupied France. Contact of Mohnen, Landry, Mestrallet. Indicted by the French Government (Seine Tribunal, Judge Frapier).

• Mandl, Victor. Paris, 9 rue du Boetie. German refugee dealer, formerly active in Berlin. Highly important figure in German art purchases in Paris. Close contact of Wendland, Dietrich, Voss, Goepel, Muehlmann, Lohse, Loebl, Perdoux, Birtschansky and Wuester. Indicted by French Government for collaborationist activity.

Yves Perdoux is also included in the list of Art dealers involved in wartime trading in looted art in France

***

Yves Perdoux in the News

1999
Libération: NYMPHÉAS». LE MARCHAND JUIF ROSENBERG AVAIT ÉTÉ SPOLIÉ DE CE TABLEAU EN 1940. Par Vincent Noce — 30 avril 1999

Au printemps 1940, au moment de fuir par l'Espagne il avait remisé cent-soixante tableaux en Gironde, dans sa villa de Floirac et dans les coffres de la Banque nationale du commerce à Libourne. Parmi elles, les Nymphéas mais aussi des chefs-d'oeuvre aussi importants que l'Homme à l'oreille cassée de Van Gogh. Informés sur dénonciation de deux antiquaires, le comte de Lestang et Yves Perdoux, les nazis investissent la villa le 15 septembre 1940. Les délateurs recevront trois Pïssaro pour leur peine.


2016
Le Figaro La famille Bromberg retrouve son tableau, volé pendant la guerre - Par   Journaliste Figaro Claire Bommelaer

16 June 2018
"Le premier jour de printemps à Moret", by Alfred Sisley--Part Two
by Marc Masurovsky
Thirty years elapsed before Mr. Perdoux allegedly acquired the Sisley painting. There is nothing to indicate that he bought it from Durand-Ruel. This could be the same Perdoux as Yves Perdoux, a notorious Parisian art dealer who collaborated with the Nazis during the German occupation of France and denounced the locations of a number of Jewish-owned art collections, including that of Paul Rosenber
***

Yves Perdoux in German Lost Art Foundation: Beteiligte Privatpersonen und Körperschaften am NS-Kulturgutraub, Lost Art-Da­ten­bank, Mo­dul "Pro­ven­ienz­re­cher­che",  NS-Raub­kunst

Paris; 178 rue du Fbg Saint-Honoré, 66 rue de Teheran, 6 bd Flandrin; Leiter der Galerie Guynot, einer der aktivsten Kollaborateure, enger Kontakt zu Hans Wendland, Boitel, Loebel und Kontaktperson von Almas-Dietrich in Paris


Qu.: ALIU, Final Report, 118

Yves Perdoux in Site Rose-Valland Musées Nationaux Récupération

Portrait d'homme Collection du consul Edouard F. Weber, Hambourg, 1909 ; vente Weber, Berlin, 10-22 février 1912, n° 99. Collection M. Bromberg, Hambourg. Collection Victor Mandl, Wiesbaden. Collection G. Wildenstein, Paris, 1939 (selon annotations relevées dans les dossiers du RKD). 
Le panneau est acheté 18 750 RM à Yves Perdoux, Paris, par la galerie Almas Dietrich le 22 février 1941 (provision Jurschewitz 600 RM) et revendu 35 000 RM en mars 1941 au musée de Linz (1) ; il est enregistré le 15 juillet 1945 au Central Collecting Point de Munich sous le n° 4416 et renvoyé en France le 3 juin 1949 (2).
Il est attribué au musée du Louvre (département des peintures) par l'Office des Biens et Intérêts Privés en 1950 (3).
Puis il est déposé au musée des Beaux-Arts de Chambéry en 1960 (D 63-1) (4).
Le panneau a été restitué aux ayants-droit d’Hertha et Henry Bromberg le 28 novembre 2016.

Perdoux in  Hermann Goring and the Nazi Art Collection: The Looting of Europe's Art Treasures and Their Dispersal After World War II

[Göring]..." was represented in Paris by Hofer, Bornheim, Lohse, Angerer and Dr. Joseph Muehlmann, who made regular trips to Paris and stayed as long as two or three months at a time. Göring’s purchasing activity was enormous, as validated by the Carinhall shipping tickets in the files of Schenker Transportation Company. Wendland was most active in Paris, capitalizing upon his German citizenship in a land occupied by Germans and upon his wide prewar acquaintance with those in the Paris art market, Wendland became a kind of advisor and guide to many of the French dealers anxious to do business with Germans. He gradually formed an informal syndicate of the French dealers Boitel, Perdoux, and Loebl. He was connected with the Dequoy-Fabinai combination, and he is known to have had interests in the Mandl-Birtschanksy art association."



"Added to the established dealers came a flock of intermediaries and middlemen to guide the Germans. They all worked together and the same pieces of art turned up at different places at different times with a higher price. The most important of these groups was headed by Hans Wendland and Paris art dealer Yves Perdoux. They all had connections to Hermann Göring, through Wendland and Hofer, as Wendland represented Göring in the Greater Reich and Perdoux with his contacts throughout France.  - Hermann Goring and the Nazi Art Collection: The Looting of Europe's Art Treasures and Their Dispersal After World War II

(there's more, Kindle version recommended for easy search facilities)

Library References and Authority Files for Yves Perdoux

There is no ULAN ID for Yves Perdoux, however other authority files exist for him:

SNAC http://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vz0cb8

Epithet: antique dealer, of Paris

British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000149.0x000094

 Constellation JSON EAC-CPF XML

Permalink: http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vz0cb8

Ark ID:w6vz0cb8


SNAC ID: 46357420

***

Yves Perdoux in Ownership History of Paintings or Provenance

Louvre

• DANSE VILLAGEOISE
• LA PLANTATION DU MAI

Boston Museum of Fine Art

• Portrait of a Young Man in Brown, possibly Javier Goya

Provenance
... March 17, 1923, Bamberger sale, Hotel Drouot, Paris, lot 49, to Trotti et Cie., Paris. 1924, Yves Perdoux, Paris [see note 4]. 1926, Goudstikker, Amsterdam (stock no. 1667) [see note 5]. 1927, Howard Young Galleries, New York (stock no. 2573); 1927, sold by Howard Young Galleries to John Taylor Spaulding (b. 1870 - d. 1948), Boston; 1948, bequest of John Taylor Spaulding to the MFA. (Accession Date: June 3, 1948)

(Also in Getty Provenance Index Public Collections:
Provenance of Paintings Record 10611
GOYA Y LUCIENTES, FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE
Portrait of a Man
Boston, MA, Museum of Fine Arts
48.558
canvas

Perdoux, Yves (?). Paris, France)

Detroit Institute of Arts

Still Life with Dead Hare, ca. 1760

Provenance
Mme. Becq de Fouquières (Paris, France);
May 8, 1925, (Hôtel Drouot, Paris, France) lot 17 [pendant was no. 18, purchased by Yves Perdoux];
M. Sherematieff (Paris, France);
Dr. Wendland (Basel, Switzerland);
purchased by (Kleinberger Galleries, New York, New York, USA);
November 1926, purchase by the Detroit Institute of Arts (Detroit, Michigan, USA)

(update ongoing..)

Provenance Research: Paul Cailleux in NEPIP

Portrait of a Woman with a Corsage of Blue Flowers - a provenance gap?

Paul Cailleux also known as Paul de Cayeux and the Marquis de Cayeux, was the president of the French art dealers association. In 1946 his name appears on the Art Looting Investigation Unit's Red Flag list of names with the following mention:

Cailleux, Paul. Paris, 136 rue du Fbg St Honore. Dealer in contact with Rochlitz, Wuester, Frau Dietrich, Haberstock. Knew Lohse, who claims to have freed his wife from a concentration camp. Authority on 18th century French art. President of the Art Dealers Association, Paris. 

The name "Cailleux"  appears in the ownership history of numerous artworks, some of which have gaps or uncertainties in the provenance between 1933-1945.

Here are a few examples from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (not currently on view).

Zinckgraf (or Zinkgraf) as a Nazi Era Red Flag

The Zinckgraf name appears 55 times in the Linz (Hitler) collection database, usually with little or no information about the former  owner,  This portrait of a man ((Linz no 0408) by Moritz vonSchwind, was delivered to the notorious Maria Almas-Dietrich.

Friedrich Heinrich Zinckgraf ( 1878-1954), played an important role in the Aryanization of the Jewish-owned Galerie Heinemann and the transfer of Jewish art collections to Nazi officials and other collectors

Art Provenance Research Red Flags: Alexander Ball

Art Looting Investigation Unit Detailed Interrogation Report of Karl Haberstock (DIR 13) on refugee art dealer Alexander Ball "The implications of such a revelation are exceedingly grave, and BALL should be brought to account." However Alexander Ball and his brother Richard had already reached America.
source: War Department Strategic Services Report DIR 13
https://dfs.ny.gov/consumer/holocaust/history_art_looting_restitution/The%20Allies/OSS%20and%20the%20ALIU/ALIU%20Reports/karl_haberstock.pdf

Alexander Ball, also known as Alex Ball, A. Ball, A & R Ball, and Ball Galleries, was a Berlin art dealer who became a refugee and, unfortunately, worked closely with notorious Nazi art looter Karl Haberstock, helping him to locate Jewish collections for spoliation.

A Ball's activities are documented by the Art Looting Investigation Unit in several reports, including the Final Report Red Flag List of Names and the Detailed Interrogation Report (DIR) Number 13 of Karl Haberstock.

It is noteworthy how poorly Alexander Ball is documented and referenced today in art history dictionaries, encyclopedias, and art reference databases.

Art that passed through his hands landed in major museums. Any provenance or ownership history that contains his name in any of its forms deserves a closer look, with special scrutiny for items listed on the Nazi Era Internet Portal and items with gaps or other red flags in their provenance.

Below are a few mentions of Alexander Ball in historical sources as well as a few references for him.

Art Looting Investigation Unit Red Flag List of Names

Ball, Alexander. Paris, 9 rue Royale Aix en Provence New York (?). German Jewish refugee dealer. Intermediary for Haberstock in the sale of pictures from the unoccupied zone. Also believed to have informed on the whereabouts of prominent Jews, notably Guy de Rothschild. Believed to be in the United States.

de Beauperthuys, Simone le. Paris, 6 ave de la Grande Armee. Secretary of Alexander Ball and intermediary for Ball with Haberstock, to whom she offered pictures of doubtful origin. Also represented Fischer, for whom she signed a receipt to Bornheim in Paris, July 4 1941.

Statistics on Women Art Dealers in Wikidata, Viaf, LCCN, DNB and ULAN

Art Market Authority Files: Where are the Women?

How are Women Art Dealers represented in authority files?

To try to answer this question, we looked at a Wikidata Query for Women Art Dealers:

RESULTS:

• As of May 16, 2018, 124 female art dealers were referenced in Wikidata with information about their gender (female) and their occupation (art dealer)
• Of these 124, WIKIDATA had the VIAF ID for 59, the Library of Congress IDs for 40, the GND IDs for 36 and the spouses for 20. Only 13, or about 10%, had ULAN IDs in Wikidata.

You can consult the listing in a shared Google Doc here.

Link to the Women Art Dealers Wikidata Query Results here.

It would be interesting to compare Lists of Women Art Dealers resulting from Queries in VIAF, LCCN, GND and ULAN to see if the problem stems from a lack of Authority information in WIKIDATA (the ID exists but has not been added to the Wikidata entity) or simply a lack of information about Women Art Dealers in crucial authorities.