May 9, 2020

The Holocaust and the Art Market: Alfred Daber

What does it mean to find the name of Alfred Daber or of Galerie Daber in a provenance?
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1980.265


DABER is a name that can be found in the provenances of numerous artworks. However Alfred Daber, an ALIU Red Flag Name, was known to have trafficked in looted art during the Nazi era. 

In this post, we gather information publicly available online in digital form about Alfred Daber. 1) Where - in which museums - does the name Daber appear in provenances? 2) What other names appear together with Daber? 3) What mentions of Daber can be found in databases such as France's Rose Valland MNR and the Getty Provenance Index and its Knoedler file? 4) What Fold3 archival documents mention Daber? and 5) What books or catalogs did Daber author or edit?

In short, what kind of picture emerges of the fates of artworks that, at one time or another, passed through Alfred Daber's hands?

Obviously, the presence of Daber's name in a provenance does not mean that the artwork was ill-gotten. However it is a Red Flag that should not be ignored. Further research is clearly required to account for 1933-1945 provenance gaps and to verify, down to the original sources, the narratives that are provided.


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https://www.fold3.com/image/270257378

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1) Museums holding artworks that mention the name Daber in the provenance (not exhaustive):


  • National Gallery of Art in Washington DC (four artworks source: Spoliation Reports))
  • Bristol Museums & Art Gallery (five artworks source: Spoliation Reports))
  • Glasgow Museums (source: Spoliation Reports)
  • National Galleries of Scotland (source: Spoliation Reports)
  • National Gallery in London (five artworks source: Spoliation Reports)
  • Cleveland Museum of Art (source: CMA)
  • Milwaukee Art Museum (source: Knoedler)
  • Norton Simon Museum (source: Knoedler)
  • Art Institute of Chicago (source: AIC)
  • Yale University Art Gallery (source: Yale website)
  • Metropolitan Museum of Art (source:metmuseum.org)

https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/25543


2) Associated Names

Names that appear in provenances together with Daber (not exhaustive)


  • César de Haucke*
  • Raphael Gérard*
  • George Petit*
  • Jacques Dubourg*
  • E.V. Thaw
  • Stephen Hahn
  • Fritz Nathan*
  • Sam Salz
  • Arthur Tooth and Sons
  • Knoedler*
  • Michel Fert
  • Ludwig Gutbier
  • G. Tanner*
  • Georges Renand*
  • Daber Gallery
  • Blondeau Gallery

* Art Looting Investigation Unit Red Flag Name

3) Daber in France MNR

Looted paintings in France's MNR that mention Daber


"Le tableau est acheté 11 250 RM chez Daber, Paris, en 1941 par M. Gutbier"

"Acheté 20 000 RM chez Daber, Paris, en 1941 par Ludwig Gutbier"

"Émile Staub, à Männedorf, en Suisse (où il est encore en 1931) ; on le voit ensuite chez G. Bernheim, Paris (1932) ; chez Carlo Frua de Angeli, à Milan ; chez G. Tanner, à Zurich ; il est exposé en 1937 dans la galerie Alfred Daber, Paris ; enfin il est acheté peu avant la guerre par Georges Renand (cat. Exposition d'Amsterdam en 1938). Le tableau est acheté à Georges Renand à Paris 50 000 RM par M. Wüster (1) pour Joachim von Ribbentrop en 1941"



The Getty Selected Dealer Archives & Locations lists Daber with Blondeau Gallery.

The Getty Provenance Index lists 32 artworks with Daber as the seller, the earliest transaction dates to 1954.



BONINGTON, RICHARD PARKES
BONNARD, PIERRE
BOUDIN, EUGÈNE LOUIS
BRIANCHON, MAURICE
CARRIÈRE, EUGÈNE
COROT, JEAN BAPTISTE CAMILLE
COURBET, GUSTAVE
DAUMIER, HONORÉ VICTORIN
DELACROIX, EUGÈNE
FANTIN-LATOUR, HENRI
GÉRICAULT, JEAN LOUIS ANDRÉ THÉODORE
GONZALÈS, EVA
GUIGOU, PAUL CAMILLE
MONET, CLAUDE
RENOIR, PIERRE AUGUSTE


Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 69, Stock No. A7216
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 187, Stock No. A6507
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 66, Stock No. A7173
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 200, Stock No. A6709
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 219, Stock No. A9243
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 137, Stock No. A5825
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 154, Stock No. A6065
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 154, Stock No. A6066
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 183, Stock No. A6438
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 183, Stock No. A6439
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 183, Stock No. A6440
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 183, Stock No. A6441
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 206, Stock No. A9095
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 107, Stock No. A5375
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 154,
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 143, Stock No. A8314
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 171, Stock No. A8691
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 84, Stock No. A7405
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 180, Stock No. A8791
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 82, Stock No. A7384
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 148, Stock No. A8408
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 175, Stock No. A6334
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 73, Stock No. A7269
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 73, Stock No. A7270
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 73, Stock No. A7271
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 137, Stock No. A5833
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 154, Stock No. A6064
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 40, Stock No. A6064
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 174, Stock No. A8723
Knoedler Stock Book 10, Page 186, Stock No. A6492
Knoedler Stock Book 11, Page 173, Stock No. A8720
Stock No. A6063
Knoedler Stock Book 8, Page 186, Stock No. A2036

4) FOLD 3 and the archival mentions of Alfred Daber


May 2, 2011 - DABERAlfred 109) Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. Art dealer, specialises in 19th and 20th Century pictures. Had a laissez-passer from the ...
Mar 26, 2012 - DABERAlfred 109 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. Art dealer, specialises in 19th and 20th Century pictures. Had a laissez-passer from the ...




4, I an infomed that Alfred DABER, 109, Boulevard Haussnann, Paris, was trading in looted piotures with the EINSATZSTAB ROSENBERG. He surxroned ...
Some were willing collaborators"like' Alfred Daber, Martin Fabiani, Cesar de Haucke, 0. Petrides, and Count Avogli Trotti. Others like Loebl of the Kleinberger  ...
https://www.fold3.com/document/270104113/
Feb 12, 2013 - Some were willing collaborators like Alfred Daber, Martin'Fabiani,.iCdsar de Haucke, 0. Petrides, and Count Avogli Trottii Others likV'Loebel of ...
Louis CQUPAQHIE de la CHINE et des INDES' ' HENOU ot COLLE - S DABERAlfred ,T., SCKMITT, Joan . 1 DESLOUIS .J. SCHOELLER, Andre ' " . i'.V .is.



I an infomed that Alfred DABER, 109, Boulevard Haussnann, Paris, 'was trading in looted pictures with the EMSATZSTAB ROSENBERG. He summoned TANNER ...
https://www.fold3.com/document/270101397/
Alfred DABER art dealer Bid. Houssaann (in connection with 2VMER of Zurich). Cesar do HAUCKE art dealer, ? PETPJDES art dealer, Count Avogli TROTTI art ...
... RENOU et COLLE DABERAlfred SCHMITT, Jean DESLOUIS - SCHOELLER, Andre DEQUOY, Roger SIMON Galerie DESMARETS et GODARD SOO & CIE.
2f, I am informed that Alfred DABER, .109, Boulevard Haussmann, Pari3, was trading in looted pictures with the EDTSATZSTAB ROSENBERG.. He summoned  ...



... of TODTMDOS-AU (Badon) TOm Paris Martin FABIANI art dealer, Avenue Matignon, Roger DEQUOX . art dealer Rue la Boetie, Alfred DABER . -, art dealer  ...
https://www.fold3.com/image/270037474
I an infomed that Alfred DABER, 109, Boulevard Haussnann, Paris, was trading in looted piotures with the EINSATZSTAB ROSENBERG. He suvxioned TWINER  ...
... Charles CHALEY6SIN NICOLIER, Jean COMPAGNIE de la CHINE v OSTINS, J.R. et des INDES PERDOUX, Yves DaBERAlfred PERRET-VIBERT DEQ00Y.
(Baden) Fron Paris Martin FABIANI art dealer, Avenue Matignon, Roger DEQUOI art dealer Rue la BoStie, Alfred DABER art dealer Bid, Houssannn (in ...
... COMPAGNIE de la CHINE OSTINS, J,R. et des INDES PERDOUX, Yves DABERAlfredPERREI-VIBERT DEQOOY, Roger PEIRIDES, Galerie 6., DESLOUIS ...
Roger DEQUOY art dealer Rue la Bofitio, Alfred DABER art dealer Bid, Houssmann (in connection with TANNER of Zurich), Cesar de HAUCKE art dealer.
J.R. et des INDES PERDOUX, Yves DABERAlfred PERRET-VIBERT DEQUOY, Roger PETRIDES, Galerie 0. DESLOUIS POPOFF, Alexandre DESMARETS et ...
Basic Source Documents On Emil Daber Ez Gea Branch › Page 2 ... partner is the non-aryan Mr Alfred Seligmann, residence Berlin 1 Handicraft sole enterprise, ...
J.R. et des INDES , PERDOUX, Yves DABERAlfred PERRET-VIBERT DEQUOY, Roger PET RIDES, Galerie 0. DESLOUIS POPOFF, Alexandre DESMARETS ...
Naine of Owner a Emil Daber b Max Marschenz beide Komplimenfare va- n n.no npc r l(jf'n ti imers 'AK, o Dipl. Ing. Alfred Sellgmaim d Paul Hildebrandt beiae ...
... Hans ciiamann Kapferer, Henry Creusot, Mademoiselle Katz, Manfred, alias Boyer, alias Thomas DaberAlfred Alfred Degroof j Keller Delneco, Emile Khoth,  ...


5) Art Books by Alfred Daber

The obvious question is what credibility could any provenance text written by Alfred Daber have concerning the ownership history of an artwork during the Nazi era?






Apr 30, 2020

Tracing Jewish Art Collectors and other #LostArtPeople by Place of Death

In our previous post, we introduced the idea of using Wikidata Queries to Trace Jewish art collectors and their collections.


In this post, we begin to look at how we might identify these Jewish individuals, many of whom have been not only forgotten but deliberately written out of history. 


What information or feature might help us to identify them?
What do we know about them?


  • They died after 1932 
  • They were connected to the arts in some way: as collectors, dealers, curators, historians, curators, museum directors, gallery owners, possibly as artists
  • Their names might have appeared in exhibitions or catalogs as owners or lenders or donors or experts, or in books or articles as authors, in the provenance texts of collections, for example.



The above criteria is very large and not specific to Jewish collectors in the Nazi era.  How can we further narrow the criteria? One element that distinguishes the fates of Jewish individuals from others is how and where they died, and whether or not they were interned, spoliated or became refugees. 

What kind of markers can we look for in the data?


  • Place of death
  • Year of death
  • Cause of death
  • Place of internment
  • Significant events like aryanization or arrest or deportation


All of the above correspond to "Properties" that are defined in Wikidata. Not all these properties have been updated for every Wikidata item. But they could be. 


A Wikidata Query can easily show us all the people who are known (in Wikidata) to have died or been interned in a Nazi camp or ghetto.


How to do this?

There were so many Nazi camps in so many countries (see below) that we look for a way to take each one into account without necessarily naming each one in a query.

One way is to use Wikidata's "instance of" (P31).

We can tell the query to list people who died in a place that is defined as any of the following things:


  • Nazi concentration camp (Q328468)
  • concentration camp (Q152081)
  • extermination camp (Q153813)
  • ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe (Q2583015)


We might still miss a few of the camps (due to the crowdsourcing nature of Wikidata, not every item is coded in exactly the same way,) but this should be a good start.

There are several ways to do OR type queries in Wikidata.

We will use the very straight forward UNION. (Please do not hesitate to suggest better ways).

WHERE {
{ ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q328468.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q152081. } UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placediedwdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q2583015.}


To make the Wikidata query run faster and avoid time outs, we will first check that the place of death has been entered by someone into Wikidata.


?item wdt:P20 ?placedied.

Then, instead of specifying, as we did in the previous query, that we want to list the people who died in the specific Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau


  ?item wdt:P20 wd:Q7341.  

we want to request people who died in any place coded as an instance of Q328468, Q152081, Q153813 or Q2583015


{ ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q328468.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q152081. } UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q2583015.}

This should include all the Nazi camps and ghettos listed at the bottom of this post

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SELECT DISTINCT ?item ?itemLabel ?pic ?datedied ?placediedLabel ?placedied ?child ?childLabel ?ownedby ?ownedbyLabel ?depicts ?depictsLabel ?depictedby ?depictedbyLabel ?countryLabel ?ownerof ?ownerofLabel ?spouse ?employer ?employerLabel ?spouseLabel ?mother ?motherLabel ?father ?fatherLabel ?sibling ?siblingLabel ?investby ?investbyLabel ?sigperson ?sigpersonLabel ?party ?partyLabel ?partner ?partnerLabel WHERE {
{ ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q1792450.} UNION { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1007870. } UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q173950.} UNION { ?item wdt:P921 wd:Q328376.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q10732476.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q446966.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q22132694.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q674426.}


SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" }
?item wdt:P20 ?placedied.  
{ ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q328468.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q152081. } UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q2583015.}
OPTIONAL  { ?item wdt:P18 ?pic. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P127 ?ownedby. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P570 ?datedied. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P20 ?placedied. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P180 ?depicts. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P921 ?plunder. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1830 ?ownerof. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P108 ?employer. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P569 ?birth. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P40 ?child. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P214 ?VIAF_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P19 ?place_birth. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P244 ?Library_of_Congress_authority_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P227 ?GND_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P245 ?ULAN_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P26 ?spouse. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P27 ?country. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P3342 ?sigperson. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P102 ?party. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1327 ?partner. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1840 ?investby. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P25 ?mother. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P22 ?father. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P3373 ?sibling. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1299 ?depictedby. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P39 ?position. }

FILTER (YEAR(?datedied) >= 1933 )
}
LIMIT 20000

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note: careful: the filter should read datedied "greater than or equal to" 1933. Sometimes the greater than symbol gets garbled on this blog

(Notice the word OPTIONAL? We are telling Wikidata to get the information if it is available but not to worry about it if it is not. Since we want to understand who these individuals were, the context of their lives and their relations with others, we have added much optional information to the query. This is not strictly speaking necessary, but possibly useful for future network analysis)
The Wikidata Sparql Query can present the results in many different ways.

As a table. 


As a graph. 












With photos







We can zoom in close to view certain specific elements that are hard to see when looking at lots of data.





We also get an idea of where data might be missing.














Try the query yourself.  It shows only those art people who died in a Nazi camp or ghetto. What one immediately notices is how many are missing. 

How to see what is present and what is absent will be the subject of our next post.

Link to Query
https://query.wikidata.org/#%0A%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fpic%20%3Fdatedied%20%3FplacediedLabel%20%3Fplacedied%20%3Fchild%20%3FchildLabel%20%3Fownedby%20%3FownedbyLabel%20%3Fdepicts%20%3FdepictsLabel%20%3Fdepictedby%20%3FdepictedbyLabel%20%3FcountryLabel%20%3Fownerof%20%3FownerofLabel%20%3Fspouse%20%3Femployer%20%3FemployerLabel%20%3FspouseLabel%20%3Fmother%20%3FmotherLabel%20%3Ffather%20%3FfatherLabel%20%3Fsibling%20%3FsiblingLabel%20%3Finvestby%20%3FinvestbyLabel%20%3Fsigperson%20%3FsigpersonLabel%20%3Fparty%20%3FpartyLabel%20%3Fpartner%20%3FpartnerLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ1792450.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ1007870.%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ173950.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP921%20wd%3AQ328376.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ10732476.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ446966.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ22132694.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ674426.%7D%0A%0A%0ASERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%7D%0A%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP20%20%3Fplacedied.%20%20%0A%7B%20%3Fplacedied%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ328468.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplacedied%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ152081.%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplacedied%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ153813.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplacedied%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ153813.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplacedied%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ2583015.%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fpic.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP127%20%3Fownedby.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP570%20%3Fdatedied.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP20%20%3Fplacedied.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP180%20%3Fdepicts.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP921%20%3Fplunder.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1830%20%3Fownerof.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP108%20%3Femployer.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fbirth.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP40%20%3Fchild.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP214%20%3FVIAF_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP19%20%3Fplace_birth.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP244%20%3FLibrary_of_Congress_authority_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP227%20%3FGND_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP245%20%3FULAN_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP26%20%3Fspouse.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP27%20%3Fcountry.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP3342%20%3Fsigperson.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP102%20%3Fparty.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1327%20%3Fpartner.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1840%20%3Finvestby.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP25%20%3Fmother.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP22%20%3Ffather.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP3373%20%3Fsibling.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1299%20%3Fdepictedby.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP39%20%3Fposition.%20%7D%0A%23%20FILTER%20%28YEAR%28%3Fbirth%29%20%3D%201860%20%26amp%3B%26amp%3B%20YEAR%28%3Fbirth%29%20%26lt%3B%3D%201990%29%0AFILTER%20%28YEAR%28%3Fdatedied%29%20%3E%3D%201933%20%29%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%2020000




Camps and ghettos listed in the Wikidata Query


SELECT ?placedied ?placediedLabel
WHERE
{
  { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q328468.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q152081. } UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q153813.} UNION { ?placedied wdt:P31 wd:Q2583015.}
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}



(Short link to query and result - Try it!)





Apr 27, 2020

Tracing the Nazi extermination of Jewish art collectors with Wikidata Sparql Queries


How to represent the impact of the Holocaust?

Inhumanly huge numbers defy our capacity to understand.

How to depict both the fates of individuals and the larger context, without losing sight of either?

In this next series of posts we attempt to find a way to show what happened to Jewish art collectors and their world during and after the Holocaust.


Timeline from Wikidata Query

As Jewish art collectors, dealers, artists, curators, historians  and museum personnel were being targeted for persecution, robbery and murder by Germany's Nazi government, covetous eyes fixed upon their precious art collections. 


How can we document and visualise this massive double movement: the persecuted people on one hand and their possessions on the other?

We will begin with the people. Those who did not manage to flee, and who ended up murdered in Nazi camps or ghettos.




Each and every one of these individuals had a story: a family, friends, business and social relations, activities, passions, beliefs, enthusiasms, achievements, foibles; a life filled with events and people and - in the case of the individuals whose stories we trace here -  art.



How can we gather the huge amount of information and comprehend how it all fits together and what it means? 

This is not a small challenge.
___


One of the best tools for dealing with large amounts of linked information, such as relationships between people, places, things and events, is Wikidata.







Why Wikidata?


1) STRUCTURED

Because Wikidata is open yet structurally rigorous where it matters.
Wikidata has built into it a linked data structure that can be read by both humans and machines. 

2) OPEN TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
Wikidata can be used for querying not only what is referenced in Wikidata itself, but also for linking to information that is held outside of Wikidata which shares a reference or authority file.

3) DATA QUALITY

For the art world and the Holocaust, Wikidata has remarkably rich data. Though still a work in progress with much that remains to be done, Wikidata is already far more reliable and complete in the topics that concern us than any other database, authority file or linked dataset that I know of.

4) CROWDSOURCED

The task of telling the story of the Jewish art world and what happened to the people and the artworks during and after the Holocaust is too big for any one person or institution. There are so many people and events and places and objects, so many photos and documents, so many sources, so many languages. It is a job for every individual of good faith who wants to contribute to the sum of our knowledge.

5) WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION

Because Wikidata is driven and maintained and enriched by very clever and hardworking people, and whatever innovations and advances are achieved become available to all of us, for free, where amazingly powerful tools cost only the effort of learning how to use them.


In this next series of posts, I hope to share some ideas and practical tips for using Wikidata Sparql queries to better understand the fates of Jewish art collectors and their collections, both collectively and individually. 


I hope that Holocaust scholars, art historians, provenance researchers, families and their advocates will find some of this useful, and that Sparql mavens will engage with the queries to improve them for the benefit of all.





(My apologies in advance to people who actually know how to write Sparql queries, and my thanks in advance for improving upon these amateurish efforts.)

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Sparql Query for above image



#With pictures

#art collectors, art dealers, art historians, curators, museum directors, restorers, galleries...
#died in Auschwitz-Birkenau Q7341
#died in Theresienstadt Q160175

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?pic ?datedied ?placediedLabel ?placedied ?birth ?place_birth ?VIAF_ID ?GND_ID ?Library_of_Congress_authority_ID ?ULAN_ID ?child ?childLabel ?ownedby ?ownedbyLabel ?depicts ?depictsLabel ?depictedby ?depictedbyLabel ?countryLabel ?ownerof ?ownerofLabel ?spouse ?employer ?employerLabel ?spouseLabel ?mother ?motherLabel ?father ?fatherLabel ?sibling ?siblingLabel ?sigperson ?sigpersonLabel ?party ?partyLabel ?partner ?partnerLabel WHERE {
{ ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q1792450.} UNION { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1007870. } UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q173950.} UNION { ?item wdt:P921 wd:Q328376.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q10732476.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q446966.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q22132694.} UNION { ?item wdt:P106 wd:Q674426.}


SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" }
{?item wdt:P20 wd:Q7341.} UNION {?item wdt:P20 wd:Q160175.}
  ?item wdt:P18 ?pic.
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P127 ?ownedby. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P570 ?datedied. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P20 ?placedied. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P180 ?depicts. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P921 ?plunder. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1830 ?ownerof. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P108 ?employer. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P569 ?birth. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P40 ?child. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P214 ?VIAF_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P19 ?place_birth. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P244 ?Library_of_Congress_authority_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P227 ?GND_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P245 ?ULAN_ID. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P26 ?spouse. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P27 ?country. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P3342 ?sigperson. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P102 ?party. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1327 ?partner. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P25 ?mother. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P22 ?father. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P3373 ?sibling. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1299 ?depictedby. }
OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P39 ?position. }
FILTER (YEAR(?datedied) >= 1933 )
}
LIMIT 20000


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Link to Sparql Query

https://query.wikidata.org/#%23With%20pictures%0A%0A%23died%20in%20Auschwitz-Birkenau%20Q7341%0A%23died%20in%20Theresienstadt%20Q160175%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fpic%20%3Fdatedied%20%3FplacediedLabel%20%3Fplacedied%20%3Fbirth%20%3Fplace_birth%20%3FVIAF_ID%20%3FGND_ID%20%3FLibrary_of_Congress_authority_ID%20%3FULAN_ID%20%3Fchild%20%3FchildLabel%20%3Fownedby%20%3FownedbyLabel%20%3Fdepicts%20%3FdepictsLabel%20%3Fdepictedby%20%3FdepictedbyLabel%20%3FcountryLabel%20%3Fownerof%20%3FownerofLabel%20%3Fspouse%20%3Femployer%20%3FemployerLabel%20%3FspouseLabel%20%3Fmother%20%3FmotherLabel%20%3Ffather%20%3FfatherLabel%20%3Fsibling%20%3FsiblingLabel%20%3Fsigperson%20%3FsigpersonLabel%20%3Fparty%20%3FpartyLabel%20%3Fpartner%20%3FpartnerLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ1792450.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ1007870.%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ173950.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP921%20wd%3AQ328376.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ10732476.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ446966.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ22132694.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP106%20wd%3AQ674426.%7D%0A%0A%0ASERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%7D%0A%7B%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP20%20wd%3AQ7341.%7D%20UNION%20%7B%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP20%20wd%3AQ160175.%7D%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fpic.%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP127%20%3Fownedby.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP570%20%3Fdatedied.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP20%20%3Fplacedied.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP180%20%3Fdepicts.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP921%20%3Fplunder.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1830%20%3Fownerof.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP108%20%3Femployer.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fbirth.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP40%20%3Fchild.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP214%20%3FVIAF_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP19%20%3Fplace_birth.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP244%20%3FLibrary_of_Congress_authority_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP227%20%3FGND_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP245%20%3FULAN_ID.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP26%20%3Fspouse.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP27%20%3Fcountry.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP3342%20%3Fsigperson.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP102%20%3Fparty.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1327%20%3Fpartner.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP25%20%3Fmother.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP22%20%3Ffather.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP3373%20%3Fsibling.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1299%20%3Fdepictedby.%20%7D%0AOPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP39%20%3Fposition.%20%7D%0AFILTER%20%28YEAR%28%3Fdatedied%29%20%3E%3D%201933%20%29%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%2020000



Permalink to this post: https://www.openartdata.org/2020/04/visualising-nazi-extermination-Jewish-art-collectors.html

Next Posts in this series:

Tracing Jewish Art Collectors and other #LostArtPeople by Place of Death

https://www.openartdata.org/2020/04/art-collectors-Holocaust-victims.html


How information about Jewish art  collectors who died in the Holocaust goes missing in the semantic web of linked data.

https://www.openartdata.org/2020/05/holocaust-Jewish-art-collectors-semantic-web.html



Open Art Data



Apr 23, 2020

The Holocaust and the art market: What does it mean to find Kieslinger in a provenance?



What does it mean to find the name Franz Kieslinger in a provenance? 
(above "Acquired from Dr. Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, for 40 Reichsmarks in 1939"

Franz Kieslinger was, first and foremost, a Nazi art looter.
His name in a provenance is a screaming Red Flag. 
This does not mean, of course, that every artwork he touched was looted from Jewish collectors, but his name indicates a high probability of a serious problem.  



In which art collections does his name appear today, in 2020?


1. Albertina Museum, Vienna, Austria.


The National Fund of the Republic of Austria for Victims of National Socialism lists six artworks at the Albertina Museum that passed through the hands of Nazi art looter Franz Kieslinger, all of which were acquired in 1939.


Gentleman in blue high-necked coat with golden cordingAnonymous, attributed to 'German artist'28378Acquired from Dr. Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, together with inventory numbers 28377, 28379, 28380 for 360 Reichsmarks in 1939
Katharina Fröhlich, Grillparzer's eternal bride (1800-1879), in dark dress with...Attributed to Theer, Robert (1808 - 1863)28380Acquired from Dr. Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, together with inventory numbers 28377 to 28379 for 360 Reichsmarks in 1939
Lady in red dress with shoulder-length collar and white lace frillKrafft, Joseph (1787 - 1828)28377Acquired from Dr. Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, together with inventory numbers 28378 to 28380 for 360 Reichsmarks in 1939
Officer in blue uniform with red collar and cannon crossAttributed to Grahl, August (1791 - 1868)28379Acquired from Dr. Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, together with inventory numbers 8377, 28378, 28380 for 360 Reichsmarks in 1939
Triumphal gate in InnsbruckHagenauer, Karl (1898 - 1956)28207Acquired from Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, for 30 Reichsmarks in 1939
Underdrawing for 'Aus dem Leben eines Wüstlings' (From the Life of a Libertine)Genelli, Bonaventura (1798 - 1868)28323Acquired from Dr. Franz Kieslinger, expert at the Dorotheum, Vienna, for 40 Reichsmarks in 1939



see: https://www.kunstdatenbank.at/search-for-objects/fulltext/kieslinger


Comments: First of all, it should be noted that the provenance for the Genelli featured above is pubished NOT on the Albertina Museum website but rather on the separate website of the National Fund of the Republic of Austria for Victims of National Socialism. 

Below is a screenshot from 23 April 2020 of the artwork as it appears on the Albertina Museum website. There is no provenance listed at all. This means that any search - even an Advanced Search - on the Albertina website will not pick up the artwork if one searches "Provenienz" for Kieslinger.






Secondly one notes that none of the artworks listed as having Kieslinger in the provenance are from what the Nazis labeled "degenerate" artists like Schiele. This is rather surprising as Kieslinger was known to have been involved in the expropriation of at least one Jewish collector of these artworks. 

This suggests that the listings, not only of the Albertina Museum but also possibly of even the National Fund of the Republic of Austria for Victims of National Socialism might be incomplete.

Who can verify this and if necessary add the information?