The panelists at the conference on Nazi-looted art in Italy that just took place in Venice offered many interesting insights. One of the topics that came up was the art dealer Benno Geiger, a known dealer of Nazi looted art, in a presentation by researcher Katharina Hüls-Valenti.
Geiger has been a subject of interest to us for a while. (See: "Geiger" artworks currently in American or British museums)
In this post, we look at a few of the artworks that have been auctioned at Christies or Sothebys that have some link to Benno Geiger, either in the provenance (an obvious red flag that calls for in depth verification) or in the references. Why references? Because Nazi art looters like Benno Geiger have been known to lie about ownership histories.
Warning: given Geiger's involvement in the art market for Nazi-looted artworks and forced sales, there is no guarantee that the provenances are correct or complete. Sometimes, however, bringing the texts together in one place can make it easier to see the patterns that remain hidden when one studies each artwork individually.
Artworks linked to Benno Geiger that have been auctioned at Christies or Sothebys
(incomplete list)
| Source Url | Auction | Artist | Provenance |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-1710645 | Important Old Master Paintings | Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749);Cardplayers by a fire;oil on canvas;23¼ x 17¼in. (59 x 44cm.) | Benno Geiger, Venice, 1914.;Federico Gentili di Giuseppe, 22 Avenue Foch, (+) sale, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, 23-4 April 1941, lot 53 (20,000FF).;On deposit in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, 1950-1999 (MNR, 798). |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-1710645 | Important Old Master Paintings | Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749);Cardplayers by a fire;oil on canvas;23¼ x 17¼in. (59 x 44cm.) | Benno Geiger, Venice, 1914.;Federico Gentili di Giuseppe, 22 Avenue Foch, (+) sale, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, 23-4 April 1941, lot 53 (20,000FF).;On deposit in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, 1950-1999 (MNR, 798). |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6188332 | Old Master & British Drawings | Donato Creti (Cremona 1671-1749 Bologna);Three studies of Saint Jerome and two separate studies of heads (recto), Study of a flower (verso);pen and brown ink (recto), black chalk, pen and brown ink (verso), watermark armorial;10 3/8 x 7 5/8 in. (26.5 x 19.5 cm) | Dr. Benno Geiger (1882-1965), his anonymous sale, Sotheby's, London, 7-10 December 1920, lot 156 (as Guido Reni).;Anonymous sale, Christie's, London, 10 December 1991, lot 156.;Anonymous sale, Christie's, London, 10 July 2001, lot 72.;with Yvonne Tan Bunzl, 2003 (Master Drawings, no. 8, ill.). |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-268089 | Drawings from the Stichting Collectie P. en N. de Boer | Marco Ricci (1676-1729);A Portico with a Sarcophagus and Ruins beyond: Design for the Stage;black chalk, pen and brown ink, brown wash;203 x 283mm. | Probably A.M. Zanetti.;Cernazai Collection.;G. Dal Zotto Collection.;Benno Geiger, Sotheby's, 10 December 1920, lots 259-72 were all drawings by Ricci.;Koenigs Collection. |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-3013650 | Old Master Drawings | Giovanni Balducci, il Cosci (active 1590-1603);The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence;black chalk, pen and brown ink, brown wash heightened with white, on blue paper, armorial watermark;280 x 191mm. | Benno Geiger, according to Sotheby's catalogue;W. Koenig (L. 2653b);M. Gaud, Sotheby's, Monaco, 20 June 1987, lot 62, illustrated in colour (111,000 FF) |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6308144 | Figures d'exception. Dessins anciens provenant d'une collection privée. | GIACOMO CAVEDONE (SASSUOLO 1577-1660 BOLOGNE);Christ et le centurion;avec inscription ‘Cavedone/ geb 1577 in Sassuolo Schuler der Caracci’ (verso du montage);plume et encre brune, huile brune et blanche, sur papier préparé brun;36,4 x 26,3 cm;GIACOMO CAVEDONE (SASSUOLO 1577-1660 BOLOGNA);Christ and the Centurion;with inscription ‘Cavedone/ geb 1577 in Sassuolo Schuler der Caracci’ (verso of the mount);pen and brown ink, brown and white oil paint, on brown prepared paper;36.4 x 26.3 cm (14 3/8 x 10 ¼ in.) | P.J.N. Geiger, Vienne, peut-être R. von Zahn, Vienne, 25 janvier 1883.;Benno Geiger, Sotheby’s, Londres, 7-10 décembre 1920, partie du lot 76.;Jacques Fryszman, Paris.;Vente anonyme, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, 18 juin 1997, lot 51 (comme attribué à Cavedone).;Thomas Williams Fine Art, Londres (Old Master Drawings, 1998, no 9, ill.).;W.M. Brady && Co., New York;acquis par les propriétaires actuels en septembre 1999. |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4214051 | Old Master Pictures and Drawings | Stefano Magnasco (Genoa 1635-c.1);Christ healing the Lame Man;red chalk;9¾ x 8½ in. (248 x 216 mm.) | Benno Geiger, Sotheby's, London, 7-10 December 1920, part of lot 183 (as Alessandro Magnasco).;A.P. Oppé.;with Y. ffrench, 1967 (as Alessandro Magnasco).;Burnet Pavitt, London, by whom bequeathed to the Royal College of Music. |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2011/important-old-master-and-19th-century-paintings-from-the-collection-of-j-e-safra-n08759/lot.32.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called il Lissandrino | Benno Geiger, Venice, 1914;Frederico Gentili di Giuseppe (1868-1940), Paris;Forced sale of his deceased estate, Paris, Hôtel Drouot, 23-24 April 1941, lot 53, for 20,000 FRF;Private Collection Milan, by 1949;On deposit in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, 1950-1999;Restituted to the heirs of Frederico Gentili di Giuseppe;By whom sold ("The Collection of Federico Gentili di Giuseppe"), New York, Christie's, 27 January 2000, lot 83;There purchased by the present collector. | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/old-masters-day-l18034/lot.176.html | Manner of Alessandro Magnasco | With Benno Geiger, Venice, 1914;Frederico Gentili di Giuseppe (1868–1940), Paris;Forced sale of his deceased estate, Paris, Hôtel Drouot, 23–24 April 1941, lot 53, for 20,000 FRF;Private collection, Milan, by 1949;On deposit in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, 1951–1999, inv. no. MNR 798;Restituted to the heirs of Frederico Gentili di Giuseppe;By whom sold ('The Collection of Federico Gentili di Giuseppe'), New York, Christie's, 27 January 2000, lot 83;Jacob Elie Safra (b. 1948), New York;By whom sold, ('The Collection of Jacob Elie Safra'), New York, Sotheby's, 26 January 2011, lot 32, for $130,000;Where acquired by the present owner. | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2009/old-master-drawings-n08515/lot.74.html | With Kende Galleries, New York;their sale (465), 5 January 1952, lot 8;Benno Geiger, Venice;bears old lot sticker, verso: 18 | ||
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/old-master-british-drawings-l16040/lot.50.html | Alessandro Tiarini | Benno Geiger;his sale, London, Sotheby's, Old Master Drawings, The property of a Gentleman living in Italy, 7 December 1920, lot 17 (as Federigo Baroccio, purchased at the sale, £1) | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/old-master-british-drawings-l16040/lot.23.html | Matteo Rosselli | Benno Geiger;his sale, London, Sotheby's, Old Master Drawings, The property of a Gentleman living in Italy, 7-10 December 1920, part of lot 94 (as Jacopo Chimenti da Empoli) | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2006/old-master-drawings-n08161/lot.45.html | Paolo Caliari, called Il Veronese | Jonathan Richardson, Snr. (L.2184);De Clementi (?) (L.521a, this mark and the previous one were on the former mount, and are no longer present);Benno Geiger, his sale, London, Sotheby's, 7-10 December, 1920, lot 367 (as School of Veronese) | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2005/old-master-paintings-l05030/lot.52.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called il Lissandrino | Formerly Italico Brass (senior), Venice;Thence by descent. | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/old-master-british-drawings-l16040/lot.22.html | Florentine School, mid-17th Century | Benno Geiger;his sale, London, Sotheby's, Old Master Drawings, The property of a Gentleman living in Italy, 7 December 1920, part of lot 137 (as Giovanni da San Giovanni) | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/old-master-british-drawings-l16040/lot.27.html | Jacopo Chimenti, called Jacopo da Empoli | August Grahl;Benno Geiger;his sale, London, Sotheby's, Old Master Drawings, The property of a Gentleman living in Italy, 7 December 1920, part of lot 94 | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2005/the-ingram-collection-drawings-from-the-collection-of-the-late-michael-ingram-l05173/lot.58.html | Giovanni Domenico Ferretti | Benno Geiger;his sale, London, Sotheby' s, 7-10 December 1920 (as Giuseppe Nogari);H. S. Reitlinger (L.2274a, on the mount);possibly his sale, London, Sothey's, 9 December 1953, lot 68 (as Nogari, An Old Man, black chalk heightened with white, and five others), to D. Ward, £20;purchased from Alister Mathews | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2017/old-masters-day-sale-l17034/lot.158.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called il Lissandrino | With Whitfield Fine Art, London;From whom acquired by William F. Reilly, New York, 2001;Thence by descent to the present owner. | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2007/old-master-drawings-n08281/lot.42.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called il Lissandrino | Casanova Collection, Bologna;Stefano Cassini, Venice | |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4819110 | Master Drawings from the Oppé Collection | Circle of Alessandro Magnasco, il Lissandrino (Genoa 1667-1749);A flagellant hermit;black chalk, grey wash heightened with white on brown paper, arched;12 x 7½ in. (300 x 190 mm.) | C. Prayer (L. 2044, twice).;J. Beitscher.;B. Geiger, Sotheby's, 7 December 1920, lot 181 (12s. to Oppé). |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4942839 | Important Old Master Paintings From The Collection of Jacques Goudstikker | Alessandro Magnasco, il Lissandrino (Genoa 1667-1749);The singing lesson;oil on canvas;20¼ x 29¾ in. (51.4 x 75.6 cm.) | (possibly) Count Giacomo Carrara (1714-1796), Bergamo.;with Italico Brass, Venice.;Achillito Chiesa, Milan, before 1922.;Count Barozzi, Venice.;with Jacques Goudstikker, Amsterdam, 1928.;Looted by the Nazi authorities, July 1940.;Recovered by the Allies, 1945.;in the custudy of the Dutch Government.;Restituted in February 2006 to the heir of Jacques Goudstikker. |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6028720 | Old Masters | Pietro Liberi (Padua 1605-1687 Venice);Andromeda;oil on canvas;25 3/8 x 22 ¾ in. (64.4 x 57.8 cm.) | Steffanoni collection, Bergamo.;Dr. George Martin Richter, London.;with Frederick Mont, New York, from whom acquired by Everett Fahy. |
| https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5324519 | Old Masters & 19th Century Art Including Select Works From the Salander-O'Reilly Galleries | Alessandro Magnasco, Il Lissandro (Genoa 1667-1749);Shepherds in a grotto;oil on canvas;41¼ x 38¼ in. (104.7 x 97.2 cm.) | with Grandi Brothers, Milan, by 1922, as 'Magnasco'.;Conte Alessandro Contini-Bonacossi, Florence, as 'Magnasco'.;with Otto Naumann, New York, as 'Magnasco and Rosa da Tivoli'. |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2011/old-master-british-paintings-day-sale-l11034/lot.207.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called il Lissandrino | Johann Melchior von Birkenstock (1738-1809) Vienna;His deceased sale, Vienna, Artaria, March 1811;With Bühlmeyer, Vienna;Acquired from the above in 1820 by Prince Johann I of Liechtenstein (1760-1836). | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2012/so-baroni-n08857/lot.95.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called Lissandrino | Bears indistinct collector's mark, lower right | |
| https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/master-paintings-sculpture-day-sale-n09461/lot.508.html | Alessandro Magnasco, called il Lissandrino | Hermann Voss, Wiesbaden;Private collection, Munich. |
Reference publications for artworks linked to Geiger listed by the auction houses
| Literature |
| M. Pospisil, Magnasco, 1944, no. 87, pl. LXXX.;B. Geiger, Magnasco, 1949, p. 116 and fig. 158.;A. Brejon de Lavergnée and D. Thiébaut, Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du Musée du Louvre, II, Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne et divers, 1981, p. 199, illustrated.;L. Muti and D. De Sarno Prignano, Alessandro Magnasco, 1994, p. 245, no. 264, fig. 282. |
| M. Pospisil, Magnasco, 1944, no. 87, pl. LXXX.;B. Geiger, Magnasco, 1949, p. 116 and fig. 158.;A. Brejon de Lavergnée and D. Thiébaut, Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du Musée du Louvre, II, Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne et divers, 1981, p. 199, illustrated.;L. Muti and D. De Sarno Prignano, Alessandro Magnasco, 1994, p. 245, no. 264, fig. 282. |
| L. Planiczig and H. Voss, Drawings of Old Masters from the Collection of Dr. Benno Geiger, Vienna, 1920, pl. 33 (as Guido Reni).;V. Birke, 'Neue Zeichnungen Donato Cretis', Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte, XXXII, 1979, p. 55, note 58.;M. Riccòmini, Donato Creti, le opera su carta. Catalogo ragionato, Turin, 2012, no. 81.1 (the verso ascribed to another later hand). |
| C. Bambach Cappel, review of The Uffizi's Sixteenth-Century Drawings in Detroit and some Tuscan Drawings in Philadelphia, Master Drawings, 1990, XXVIII, fig. 1 |
| G. Delogu, Pittori minori liguri, lombardi, piemontesi del Seicento e del Settecento, 1931, reproduced pl. 145;M. Pospisil, Magnasco, Florence 1944, p. LXXX, cat. no. 87, reproduced no. 87;B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo 1949, p. 116, reproduced fig. 158;A. Brejon de Lavergnée and D. Thiebaut, "Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne et divers", in Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du Musée du Louvre, vol. II, Paris 1981, reproduced p. 199, no. MNR 789;L. Muti and D. De Sarno Prignano, Alessandro Magnasco, Faenza 1994, p. 245, no. 264, reproduced fig. 282. |
| G. Delogu, Pittori minori liguri, lombardi, piemontesi del Seicento e del Settecento, Venice 1931, reproduced pl. 145;M. Pospisil, Magnasco, Florence 1944, p. LXXX, cat. no. 87, reproduced;B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo 1949, p. 116, reproduced fig. 158;A. Brejon de Lavergnée and D. Thiebaut, 'Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne et divers', in Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du Musée du Louvre, vol. II, Paris 1981, reproduced p. 199, cat. no. MNR 798;L. Muti and D. De Sarno Prignano, Alessandro Magnasco, Faenza 1994, p. 245, cat. no. 264, reproduced fig. 282. |
| B. Geiger, Handzeichnungen alter Meister, Zurich 1948, no. 31, reproduced (as Barocci);S. Lingo, Federico Barocci, Yale University Press 2008, p. 116-7, III (as Barocci);A. Emiliani, Federico Barocci, Ancona 2008, vol. II, p. 316, no. 83.2 (as Barocci), reproduced |
| R. Cocke, 'A New Veronese Chiaroscuro', Master Drawings, vol. 25, no. 3, 1987, p. 260, reproduced plate 19 |
| G. Delogu, Pittori minori liguri, lombardi, piemontesi del Seicento e Settecento, Venice 1931, p. 128, a detail reproduced plate 174 (rectangular);M. Pospisil, Magnasco, Florence 1944, p. LXXXVI, no. 186, reproduced plate 186 (rectangular);B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo 1949, p. 144, reproduced in colour plate 311 (rectangular);R. Roli, Alessandro Magnasco, Milan 1964, reproduced plate IX (oval, according to Muti & De Sarno Prignano);L. Muti & D. De Sarno Prignano, Alessandro Magnasco, Faenza 1994, p. 269, cat. no. 403, reproduced p. 420, fig. 212 (oval, as location unknown) and p. 259, cat. no. 341, reproduced p. 421, fig. 213 (rectangular). |
| L. Muti and D. de Sarno Prignano, A tu per tu con la pittura: studi e ricerche di storia dell'arte, Faenza 2002, pp. 327–328, 337, reproduced, fig. 23. |
| Benno Geiger, I Disegni di Magnasco, Padua 1945, p. LXIV, reproduced pl. 113 |
| L. Planisig and H. Voss, Handzeichnungen Alter Meister aus der Sammlung Dr. Benno Geiger, Vienna, 1920, I, p. 19, pl. 60.;B. Geiger, Alessandro Magnasco, Vienna, 1923, pl. 48.;B. Geiger, I Disegni del Magnasco, Padua, 1945, no. 81. |
| R. Calzini, 'Alessandro Magnasco', Illustrazione Italiana, 5 March 1922.;G. Nicodemi, 'Alessandro Magnasco', Emporium, LVI, December 1922, p. 332.;B. Geiger, 'Beiträge zum Katalog der Werke von Magnasco', Belvedere, 1922, fig. 33.;B. Geiger, Alessandro Magnasco, Vienna, 1922, p. 51, no. 166, pl. XXVI.;G. Delogu, Pittori minori liguri, lombardi, piemontesi del Seicento e Settecento, Venice, 1931, pl. 143.;B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo, 1949, p. 109, pl. 140.;C. Wright, Paintings in Dutch Museums. An Index of Oil Paintings in Public Collections in The Netherlands by Artists born before 1870, London, 1870, p. 251.;Old Master Paintings: An illustrated summary catalogue, Rijksdienst Beeldende Kunst (The Netherlandish Office for the Fine Arts), The Hague, 1992, p. 186, no. 1572, illustrated, as follower of Alessandro Magnasco.;L. Muti and D. de Sarno Prignano, Magnasco, Faenza (Ravenna), 1994, p. 235, no. 201.;B. Aikema, et al, eds., A Corpus of Italian Paintings from the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in Dutch Public Collections, Florence, 1997, II, no. 111.;B. Schwarz, Hitlers Museum. Die Fotoalben Gemäldegallerie Linz: Dokumente zum 'Führermuseum', Vienna, 2004, p. 121, p. 259, V/43. |
| C. Ermacora, 'Rivendicazione del pittore Antonio Carneo', Le Panarie, 1940, p. 71, as Antonio Carneo.;C.L. Ragghianti, 'Noterelle sul Carneo', Le Arti, 1940-1, p. 203, as Antonio Carneo.;B. Geiger, Antonio Carneo, Venice, 1941, p. 80, as Antonio Carneo.;A. Rizzi, Antonio Carneo, Udine, 1960, no. 39, as Antonio Carneo.;R.L. Manning, ed., Venetian Baroque Paintings, New York, 1964, no. 45, as Antonio Carneo.;U. Ruggeri, Pietro e Marco Liberi: Pittori nella Venezia Seicento, Rimini, 1996, p. 179, fig. P145. |
| B. Geiger, 'Bietrage zum Katalog der Werke von Magnasco', in Belvedere: Illustrierte zeitschrift für Kunstsammler, Vienna, 1922, issue 5/6, pl. 60, as 'Magnasco'.;B. Geiger, Alessandro Magnasco, Vienna, 1923, p. 51, no. 158, pl. XXIII, as 'Magnasco'.;M. Nugent, Alla Mostra della Pittura Italiana del 600 and 700, San Casciano, 1925, pp. 354-355, as 'Magnasco'.;G. Delogu, Pittori minori veneti del '700, Venice, 1930, pl. 31, as 'by Marco and Sebastiano Ricci'.;L. Goldscheider, Zeitlose Kunst, Vienna, 1934, pl. 113.;M. Pospisil, Magnasco, Florence, 1944, pl. LV, as 'attributing the landscape to Tavella'.;B. Geiger, Saggio d'un catalogo delle pitture di Alessandro Magnasco, Venice, 1945, p. 30, as 'Magnasco'.;B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo, 1949, p. 87, pl. 54, as 'Magnasco'.;R. Longhi, Scritti giovanili, 1912-1922, Florence, ed. 1980, p. 505, fig. 247, as 'a collaboration of Magnasco and Rosa da Tivoli'.;L. Muti and D. de Sarno-Prignano, in collaboration with E. Martini, Magnasco, Ravenna, 1994, pp. 143, 400, fig. 192, pl. III, as 'landscape attributed to P.P. Roos'. |
| J. Falke, Katalog der Fürstlich Liechtensteinischen Bilder-Galerie im Gartenpalais der Rossau zu Wien, Vienna 1873, p. 39, no. 318 (as Alessandro Alessandrini);J. Falke, Katalog der fürstlich Liechtensteinischen Bilder-Galerie im Gartenpalais der Rossau zu Wien, Vienna 1885, p. 36, no. 250;Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft XIII, Berlin 1890, p. 139;K. Höss, Fürst Johann II. von Liechtenstein und die bildende Kunst, Vienna 1908, p. 33;Th. von Frimmel, Lexikon der Wiener Gemäldesammlungen, vol. I, Munich 1913, p. 180, no. 540, reproduced fig. 22;B. Geiger, Alessandro Magnasco, Berlin 1914, reproduced figure 19;B. Geiger, Alessandro Magnasco, Vienna 1923, p. 47, no. 88;G. Delogu, Pittori minori liguri, lombardi, piemontesi del Seicento e Settecento, Venice 1931, p. 129;A. Kronfeld, Führer durch die Fürstlich Liechtensteinsche Gemäldegalerie in Wien, Vienna 1931, pp. 69-70, no. 250;E. von Strohmer, Die Gemäldegalerie des Fürsten Liechtenstein in Wien, Vienna 1943, p. 93, fig. 20;M. Pospisil, Magnasco, Florence 1944, p. LVIII, note 87;R. Pallucchini, in the exhibition catalogue, I Capolavori dei Musei Veneti, Venice 1946, p. 325;B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo 1949, p.148f., reproduced figure 440;A. Morassi, in: the exhibitoin catalogue, Mostra del Magnasco, Genoa 1949, p. 38, no. 48;R. Baumstark, Meisterwerke der Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein. Gemälde, Zürich 1980, pp. 22, 38, 59-60;U. Wieczorek, in the exhibition catalogue, Fünf Jahrhunderte italienische Kunst aus den Sammlungen des Fürsten von Liechtenstein, Vaduz 1994, pp. 92-93, 155, no. 39;L. Muti and D. De Sarno Prignano, Alessandro Magnasco, Faenza 1994, p. 335, cat. no. R. 492 as a copy and as no longer in the Liechtenstein Collection;Alessandro Magnasco 1667-1749, exhibition catalogue, Milan 1996, p. 172, under cat. no. 34;B. Borchhardt-Birbaumer, Die Nacht. Das Dunkel ist Licht genug, exhibition catalogue, Munich 1998, p. 307, no. 108. |
| A. Orlando, Dipinti genovesi. Dal Cinquecento al Settecento. Ritrovamenti dal collezionismo privato, Turin 2010, p. 186, reproduced in colour (as Carlo Antonio Tavella). |
| M. Pospisil, Magnasco, Firenze 1944, pp. XXX, LXXX, reproduced fig. 98;B. Geiger, Magnasco, Bergamo 1949, pp. 119, 153;F. Franchini Guelfi, "Magnasco inedito: contributi all studio delle fonti e aggiunte al catalogo," in Studi di storia delle arti, no. 5, 1986, p. 297, note 32, reproduced fig. 108;F. Franchini Guelfi, Alessandro Magnasco, Soncino 1991, p. 54, cat. no. 22, reproduced in color;L. Muti and D. De Sarno Prignano, Magnasco, Faenza 1994, pp. 241-42, cat. no. 243, reproduced fig. 453. |
| A. Orlando, Dipinti genovesi. Dal Cinquecento al Settecento. Ritrovamenti dal collezionismo privato, Turin 2010, p. 186, reproduced in colour (as Carlo Antonio Tavella). |
For more on Benno Geiger see:
Geiger, Benno. Venice, Botto Nuevo. Art historian-dealer of Baltic origin. Friend of Kieslinger and acted as guide for Muehlmann and Kieslinger during their trips to Italy in 1942 and 1943. Involved in irregular art purchases ordered by Muehlmann and frequently in touch with Hofer.
Asta, Ferruccio. Ascona, Switzerland-Milan, via Andegari. Milan art dealer now living in Switzerland as a refugee. Reported to have worked actively with Geiger and suspected of trafficking in loot.
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